Transcurría 1942 y se vivía una época de esplendor, sobre todo en la parte edilicia, con nuevos edificios públicos y elegantes residencias particulares. Progreso que sin embargo ocultaba, según el diario «La Reforma» de junio del mismo año, la grave problemática del déficit habitacional. Una demanda que recién comenzaría a ser atendida en 1951, con la entrega del primer barrio obrero. San Luis Contaba con apenas 25000 habitantes
El barrio «Sosa Loyola», en plena obra. Fotografía: José La Vía (Archivo Histórico)
Para el editorial del periódico en aquel momento, el «dinero tirado» al construir Tribunales y el Palacio Legislativo, debería haberse destinado a un propósito «más útil como las viviendas populares». Idéntica opinión le merecían dos nuevas capillas erigidas en la ciudad -«una de un lujo inusitado», decía-, a la vez que desalentaba la iniciativa de dotar al Municipio de su propia sede, sin antes abocarse a la ejecución de las casas que estaban haciendo falta.
El mayor obstáculo de los trabajadores para edificar se encontraba en sus «sueldos muy reducidos», insistía «La Reforma». Situación que los obligaba a vivir apiñados junto a sus familias en una pieza, que hacía las veces de comedor, dormitorio, sala y cocina. Con una población en aumento, cuyo número de acuerdo al Censo de 1947 era de 25.157 habitantes, San Luis finalmente emprendió una política habitacional a fines de la década del ´40.
Construidos prácticamente a la vez, siempre ha persistido la duda entre los vecinos sobre cuál barrio se entregó primero. ¿Fue el “Sosa Loyola” o el “Nacional Evita»? Ambos estaban en plena obra a principios de 1950 al norte de la ciudad, en un sector rodeado de quintas. Uno era financiado con fondos del gobierno provincial, y el otro gestionado por la Fundación Eva Perón a través del Banco Hipotecario.
Según lo destacan crónicas periodísticas de la época, corresponde al grupo de 134 viviendas levantadas en la entonces prolongación de calle Colón (actual avenida Justo Daract), el mérito de haberse anticipado en la entrega de las unidades a sus adjudicatarios. Sólo faltaban pequeños detalles de terminación, cuando en el transcurso de 1951 ya empezaron a mudarse allí algunas familias.
De 1, 2 y 3 dormitorios, la edificación de las casas estuvo a cargo de una sociedad que conformaron las empresas constructoras Ucciardello y Klusch. Su característico techo de tejas a dos aguas respondía al modelo «chalet californiano», que identificó a los proyectos habitacionales ejecutados durante el período peronista, entre 1947 y 1955.
Fotografía: José La Vía (Archivo histórico)
El mismo estilo «misión» que había sido importado desde los Estados Unidos es el que encontramos en el «Nacional Evita«. Teniendo como contratista de la obra a la empresa del ingeniero Emilio Saua, fueron levantadas en total 100 viviendas, en cuyo entorno también se buscó revalorizar los espacios verdes, con el armado de jardines delanteros y una gran plaza central.
Además del techo de tejas a dos aguas, estas casas -de 2 y 3 dormitorios- cuentan de un amplio comedor, cocina, pieza de servicio, y una galería al frente que muchas aún conservan con sus aberturas de madera originales. Las primeras 15 fueron cedidas a personal del ejército en 1953, y el resto se entregó meses después mientras ya estaban concluidas otras 70 en el B° San Martín, al oeste de la ciudad a la vera de la entonces Ruta 7.
Pero para terminar de despejar toda duda sobre el interrogante inicial, bien vale mencionar que no fue el «Sosa Loyola» ni «Nacional Evita» el primero en construirse en San Luis. Sobre calle Sarmiento antes de llegar a la escuela Córdoba se encuentra una manzana con sólo 20 viviendas. Este barrio conocido como de «Los Cuarteles», pertenece a la guarnición militar. Su edificación comenzó en diciembre de 1941 y recién en 1943 quedaría totalmente habilitado.
«Coco» Funes en su vivienda del barrio «Sosa Loyola».
Daniel Atalivar -«Coco»- Funes tiene 88 años, y así como recuerda el nombre completo de todos sus compañeros de 1° grado, cita el día exacto en que llegó a vivir al B° Sosa Loyola: un 8 de agosto de 1951. “Las casas todavía estaban en construcción, yo me había casado un año antes y necesitaba un lugar donde irme a vivir”, agrega sin demorar.
Cuando se mudó junto a su esposa Amada Justina Pereira, la zona ya tenía servicio eléctrico y agua corriente, pero ningún vecino. “Recién al tiempo arribó ´Tito´ Puglisi”, comenta quien por entonces era el único habitante de las 134 viviendas y extrañaba la bulla de sus otros 15 hermanos, a la que estaba acostumbrado.
Empleado en el Ministerio de Obras Públicas, salía temprano por la mañana a pie -o en bicicleta- por calle Colón, que desde Av. España al norte era de tierra. De su sueldo todos los meses separaba parte del dinero, para reunir los $1.150,80 de la cuota fija de la casa, que pagaba de manera semestral en el Banco Hipotecario.
La vivienda de Funes originalmente tenía 2 dormitorios, living comedor, cocina, baño y lavandería. A los años y ya con 7 hijos, le sumó galería, cochera, lavandería y 2 habitaciones más. También en el fondo armó una huerta, donde su suegro le pasó el arado para plantar maiz, zapallo y tomates, junto a frutales como uva, manzana y duraznero. Tampoco faltó allí el gallinero.
Sobre el tipo de construcción de la casa, destaca la calidad de los materiales empleados. Y como prueba, muestra el revoque exterior que es el original, «nunca se tocó» afirma. Lo mismo que el techo de tejas, que pasado el tiempo selló las juntas, pero jamás se llovió. «De económica nada tenía, -insiste- si hasta el ladrillo de 30 era de primera».
Otra de las características que remarca Funes de estas viviendas, es que se entregaban con pinos y ligustros en el frente. Además de tener una cortina de eucaliptus que fueron plantados sobre el lado sur y este, para atajar al barrio del fuerte viento Chorrillero.
Fuente y mayor información en: http://inbicible.blogspot.com.ar/2016/02/cuando-se-construyo-el-primer-barrio-en.html?m=1
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